We live in a world where every day applications come in the market. Do these applications fascinate you? Do you desire to build any product and put your desired characteristics in it? If yes, you’re the right person to become a software developer. Software development involves a plethora of processes. We need to take care of the outer design, the database working, functionalities, etc. Hence, there’s a huge skill set requirement.
What if you’re skilled enough according to you? What’s the further process? How will show your development capabilities? It is through working in a software development organization. But how will you get there? It is through the interview process. There are various rounds of interviews for a fresher as well as experienced.
In this blog post, we’ve brought you the most demanded 25 software developer interview questions. These are the most basic interview questions you must be aware of as a software developer. They are expertly designed keeping various perspectives in mind. Let us go through them now.
Top 25 Software Development Interview Questions for Freshers and Experienced
1. Explain the software development lifecycle(SDLC) in your words.
SDLC describes the stages involved in software development in any organization in a specific time interval. It discusses in-depth procedures to build a product from scratch. By aligning with software development trends, it ensures that the development process is always on track and systematic.
The above picture shows the various phases of software development. They are:
- Planning and Requirement Analysis
Planning is the first step to begin any task and so is in software development. All the stakeholders involved in the project get into a detailed discussion for a thorough requirement analysis.
- Defining Requirements
This is the documentation stage. In this stage, all the requirements are properly specified in the Software Requirement Specification (SRS). The SRS is then sent for approval from clients, customers, market analysts, and remaining stakeholders.
- Designing Architecture
Now with the help of SRS, the Design Document Specification (DDS) is prepared. In this document, developers provide the blueprint of various software architecture designs according to the documented requirements. The stakeholders review designs and select the most appropriate one.
- Product Development/Coding
This is the stage where the real development of the product starts. Developers start coding in a specific programming language as per the design selected in DDS.
- Testing
Once the coding is complete the product goes to the testing team for detailed scrutiny. The testing team members perform various for example integration testing, unit testing, acceptance testing, etc.
- Product Deployment
After comprehensively checking the software, the final product is released for the targeted users.
- Maintenance
As a developer, your job doesn’t finish after the product release. It must be continuously improved for better functioning. If any errors were left out during the testing phase, they can be corrected here.
2. Can you state the difference between a library and a framework?
Both the library and framework are prewritten code that can be reused any number of times.
- You can import or use a library when performing any specific task. For example, you can use Python’s Pandas library to work with data sets. A library has a collection of functions or classes you can call anytime in your program. You do not need to know the complete library as you’ll only use its particular components as per your requirements.
- A framework is like a skeleton of your code. It gives you the overall structure and flow of your application. To use a framework you need to understand completely its architecture and conventions. Unlike libraries that are used for a selective purpose, a framework can be used to develop the whole application. Hence, there is less flexibility while using frameworks compared to libraries.
3. What is Object Oriented Programming (OOP)?
Object-oriented programming or OOP is a real-time programming model where everything is seen as objects instead of functions. Objects are the real-world entities. OOPs groups the data and its associated functions into a single unit.
4. Differentiate for loop from a while loop.
| for loop | while loop |
| We use the “for” keyword | We use the “while” keyword |
| Used when iterations are known in advance | Used when you aren’t sure of the number of iterations |
| The loop becomes infinite in the absence of the test condition | No test condition results in compile time error |
| There’s only one time initialization | Initialization can be repeated at every iteration |
| Faster than while loop | Comparatively slower than for loop |
5. Can you compile a C/C++ program without the main function?
Yes, it can be done using macros that define the main function like this:
// C++ program to demonstrate a program without main()
#include <iostream>
#define fun main
int fun(void)
{
printf(“Welcome to C++ program without a main function.”);
return 0;
}
Output
Welcome to C++ program without a main function.
6. What are anonymous functions?
As the name suggests, it’s a function without any identifying name. It’s created with a purpose. It’s declared without a name and assigned to any variable. You can use such functions as arguments for other functions.
Example
var welcome = function () {
console.log(“This is a demonstration of an anonymous function”);
};
welcome();
Output
This is a demonstration of an anonymous function
In the above code, we have assigned the anonymous function to the welcome variable.
7. How do you perceive the term responsive design?
Responsive design is an approach to make your website or webpage compatible with the user’s device, screen, orientation, etc. The users must not feel any inconvenience while opening or viewing the same page on any of its devices. There must not be much scrolling down, resizing, and panning thus facilitating easy navigation. You must see to it that the layouts, grids, and images are flexible.
You can go for React and Angular if you want to make a user-centric experience.
8. Name some of the jQuery functions for web page designing.
- hide
- toggle
- slideUp
- show
- slideDown
- slideToggle
- fadeOut
- fadeIn
- fadeToggle
- animate
9. What is a callback function in JavaScript?
In JavaScript, you can pass a function in the form of an argument to another function. Such functions are known as callback functions. They are executed after the task of the main function is over. Callbacks are mainly used for asynchronous programming. The callback function lets asynchronous tasks like database queries execute in the background without disturbing the main program.
You must have observed during the website loading, the images take time to load while the text part gets completely loaded. Similarly, you submit the form, and the data gets processed and sent to the server in the background. All this happens due to callback functions.
10. List out the prominent characteristics of Node.js.
- Open-Source
- Asynchronous Programming
- NPM Utility
- High Performance
- High Uptime
- High Scalability
- Single-Threaded Framework
11. What is a transaction in DBMS?
A transaction is a batch of logically associated operations on the database. All these operations represent a single unit. When a user requests to access the database to perform the required operations, it results in a set of transactions. The commonly used operations on a database are:
- Read
- Write
- Commit
- Rollback
12. How will you insert an element in the queue data structure?
In a queue, we can insert an element from the rear end or the end of the queue.
To insert an element in the queue, we just have to follow the given steps:
- Check if the queue is full.
- If the queue has no empty place, give an overflow error and exit.
- If the queue has any place left, increment the rear pointer to point to the next space.
- Add the element to the location, where the rear is pointing in the queue.
- End the process and exit.
13. What does SOLID stand for?
SOLID is the acronym for the five fundamental principles of object-oriented design. They are:
- S– Single Responsibility Principle(SRP)
- O– Open/Closed Principle
- L– Liskov Substitution Principle(LSP)
- I– Interface Segregation Principle(ISP)
- D– Dependency Inversion Principle(DIP)
14. Describe the popular Magento development obstacles and solutions.
We know that online businesses are highly reliant on Magento for e-commerce solutions. It’s highly secure, flexible, scalable, etc.
Every technology has some disadvantages that have to be conquered to make the most of it. Magento has the following development issues:
- Performance issues: Many times, the page takes too long to load resulting in poor performance, site crashes, and negative user experience. This can be because of high resource intensity.
- Security vulnerabilities: Magento like any other popular platform is vulnerable to data thefts, hacking, malware intrusion, etc.
- Integration challenges: Magento integration with payment gateways, ERP systems, etc. can be demanding as a result of variations in architecture and functionalities.
We can try to surmount the above Magento development obstacles and solutions through the below techniques and optimize the performance.
- Try to take the benefit of caching to reduce database queries and enhance the storage of frequently used data in the me