One of the leading software development frameworks that need no introduction is the .Net framework. Whether you are developing a desktop or a web application, the .Net technology certainly has been known for building, deploying, and running a wide range of applications all over the world.
Several renowned surveys like this one, showcase how .Net turns out to be one of the most popular frameworks and why not since it offers an object-oriented programming environment for developers which ensures seamless development of applications that can run on a wide range of platforms.
So if you already have chosen software development as a career choice then you must be well aware of all the doings in the .NET development realm.
.NET framework is a software framework that was developed by Microsoft. The framework primarily runs on Windows and is highly recommended for developing, deploying, and running a wide range of applications, be it for desktop and web applications.
Here the following post can be of some help. Here you will come across some of the top .NET interview questions and answers to account for the year 2024.
Don’t misunderstand us, the post is not just for beginners, yes of course it can assist you in prepping up for the .NET job roles but even complete software engineers can take a look at the most frequently asked questions to crack the upcoming interview.
Top 20 .NET Interview Questions To Look Out For In 2024
1. What is the .Net framework?
Other than being one of the most renowned technical terms, the .NET framework can be considered the pillar or the strong foundation of any application development project. The framework successfully supports an object-oriented approach which is highly considered to develop an amazing bunch of applications on Windows. Not to mention, the .NET framework tends to support numerous languages such as C#, VB, Cobol, Perl, .NET, etc.
Also, here you will find a wide range of tools and functionalities such as classes, libraries, and APIs which can assist well in conducting smoother development projects in a quick period.
2. Can you name different components of the .NET framework?
Application domain, common language run-time, .NET class library, .NET framework, common type system, and profiling are some of the most common yet crucial components of the .NET framework.
3. What is CLR and CTS?
Well, CTS stands for Common Type System and CLR stands for Common Language run-time. CTS follows different rules by which data type must be declared and used in the program code. Also, CTS is supposed to describe data types that will be used in the application sooner or later. However, .NET developers can make their classes, and functions following different rules in CTS. Whereas CLR is another crucial component in the .NET framework. CLR is highly considered for building blocks for a wide range of applications and promises to deliver a well-secured execution environment for developing applications like never before. Now whenever an application is written in C#, the code is successfully converted into an intermediate language.
Once the code is successfully targeted to CLR it performs a wide range of operations such as memory management, security checks, loading assemblies, and thread management.
4. Have you come across the term JIT?
JIT is a .NET framework which successfully stands for Just in Time. It is used during execution to convert the intermediate code into the native language.
5. What is MVC?
MVC stands for Model View Controller. This is a .Net architecture that is highly considered for building .NET applications in the best possible manner. The concept of the Model is basically for handling object storage and seamless retrieval from databases view basically handles the UI of an application, and the controller successfully handles user interactions and renders the view that is required for the user interaction.
6. Can you spot the difference between managed code and unmanaged code?
| Managed Code | Unmanaged Code |
| Managed code is managed by CLR | Any code that is not managed by CLR is unmanaged |
| .NET framework is important for the seamless execution of the managed code | Independent of the .NET framework |
| CLR manages memory management through garbage collection | Own runtime environment for compilation and execution |
- Is there any difference between constants and read-only variables?
| Constants | Real-time Variables |
| Evaluated at compile time | Evaluation is done at a run-time |
| Supports mainly value-type variables | Successfully holds the reference type variables |
| Constants are considered when the value is not changing at the compile time | Used when the actual value is unknown before the run-time |
| It is not possible to initialize at the time of declaration or in a constructor | Can be initialized at the time of declaration or in a constructor |
8. What are the major components of the .NET framework?
- Assemblies – These are fundamental units of deployment and reuse of the .NET framework. The assembly comprises a collection of classes and resources that work together.
- Common Type System – A set of rules are well-established which all .NET languages must adhere to. Here it is possible for seamless interaction of all data types and objects among a wide range of .NET languages.
- Common Language Specifications – In fact, it guarantees a high degree of interoperability between compliant .NET languages.
- Just-In-Time (JIT) Compiler – This is a nifty compiler that successfully translates the code written in .NET languages into machine code that the Windows system can understand easily.
- Managed vs. Unmanaged Code – The .NET Framework differentiates between managed code (executed by the CLR) and unmanaged code (directly interacts with the operating system). This distinction provides a layer of security and memory management benefits.
9. Do you think ASP.NET and ASP are different? How?
Yes, ASP.NET and ASP are not the same. So what exactly is the difference here?
- ASP.NET mainly uses .NET languages such as C# and VB.NET which are successfully compiled into Microsoft Intermediate Language (MSIL). ASP uses VBScript. ASP code is interpreted during the execution.
- ASP.NET is developed by Microsoft for developing a dynamic range of web applications whereas ASP can be considered as Microsoft’s server-side technology mainly used to develop web pages.
- ASP.NET is considered as fully-object-oriented whereas ASP is partially object-oriented.
- ASP.NET has full XML Support for easy data exchange whereas ASP has no built-in support for XML.
- ASP.NET uses the ADO.NET technology to connect and work with databases. ASP uses ADO technology.
10. Are you sure the namespace and assembly are the same?
An assembly is a physical grouping of logical units whereas namespace group classes. Namespace has the potential to span multiple assemblies as well.
11. What are the different parts of the assembly?
- Manifest – It comprises basic information on the version of the assembly
- Type Metadata- This one comprises binary information of the program
- MSIL- Microsoft Intermediate Language Code
- Resource – List of related files
12. MDI and SDI
Multiple Document Interface is what MDI truly stands for. Now this enables you to open a wide range of Windows where there is one specific parent window and different child windows. These components are successfully shared from the parent window such as Menubar, toolbar, and many others. Whereas SDI on the other hand, is a single document interface in which each document opens in a separate window. Each window has its components such as a menubar, toolbar, etc. And the best part about SDI is that it is not constrained by the parent window.
13. Differentiate between Custom and User control.
| Custom Control | User Control |
| Derives from control | Derives from user control |
| Dynamic layout | Static Layout |
| Defines single control | Defines a set of con |
| It has full toolbox support | Unfortunately, toolbox support is not possible |
| Loosely coupled control | Tightly coupled control |
14. What are certain advantages of using a session?
Well, session tends to offer a wide range of advantages some of which are mentioned below:
- It is mainly used to store user data across the span of an application
- It is seamlessly easy to implement and store any object in the program.
- Individual entities of user data can be stored separately if required.
- The session is secure, and objects get stored on the runtime server.
15. What is Garbage Collection?
Garbage collection is a process mainly used for maintaining a wide range of aspects of memory. You see when using the .NET framework, memory leaks are bound to happen. Here’s when the entity named garbage collector comes into play. It is mainly used to allocate as well as de-allocate memory when required by the application. Now most of the time it is done by performing checks on references of variables and objects used by the application. Now in any case, if the object is no longer required by the application then the memory is successfully de-allocated and freed up. Also, there are three generations of garbage collection.
- Gen 0: Stores short-lived objects
- Gen 1: Objects moved from Gen 0 live here
- Gen 2: Stores long-lived objects and Gen 1 objects
16. What is the role of AutoPostBack in .NET?
This is a property in the .NET framework that offers automatic postback whenever an event starts its execution cycle. To make things work properly, the property needs to be set to be true.
17. What are localization and globalization?
Localization is about changing the already globalized application to cater to a specific language or culture whereas globalization is a pure process of developing applications for seamless support of multiple languages. In localization, Microsoft.Extensions.Localization is used and in globalization, existing applications can be seamlessly converted to support multiple languages.
18. What are the different validators in ASP.NET?
- Client-side validation- This kind of validation occurs mainly on the client-side browser. And Javascript is mainly considered for client-side validation.
- Server-side validation- Server-side validation generally takes place on the server and is considered as one of the most secure forms of validation because even if the user bypasses the client-side validation, it can be successfully caught with server-side validation.
19. What is the code to send an email from an ASP.NET application?
mail message = new mail();
message.From = “[email protected]”;
message.To = “[email protected]”;
message.Subject = “Test”;
message.Body = “hello”;
SmtpMail.SmtpServer = “localhost”;
SmtpMail.Send(message);
20. What are the event handlers that we have for the Global.asax file?
Application Events:
Application_Start, Application_End, Application_AcquireRequestState, Application_AuthenticateRequest, Application_AuthorizeRequest, Application_BeginRequest, Application_Disposed, Application_EndRequest, Application_Error, Application_PostRequestHandlerExecute, Application_PreRequestHandlerExecute, Application_PreSendRequestContent, Application_PreSendRequestHeaders, Application_ReleaseRequestState, Application_ResolveRequestCache, Application_UpdateRequestCache
Session Events:
Session_Start, Session_End
Final Words
So yes these are some of the top frequently asked questions during the interview of .NET developers. You see the .NET Framework is here to stay so you better be up for it. I hope the following post can be insightful and assist you well in landing your dream job. In case, if you have any doubts or queries, feel free to mention them in the comment section below. Also, it would be very helpful if you shared the following post with your peers. Good luck and hope you will enhance your software development skills and become job-ready in no time.
